Kiintymysmallit ja opettaja-oppilassuhde kiintymyssuhdeteorian valossa

Tiivistelmä. Tutkielman aiheena on kiintymysmallit ja opettaja-oppilassuhde kiintymyssuhdeteorian valossa. Tutkielmassa käsitellään eri kiintymysmalleja ja niiden ilmenemismuotoja kouluikäisellä lapsella luokkahuonekontekstissa. Tutkielmassa tarkastellaan myös näkökulmia, joita kiintymyssuhdeteorian avulla on saatu opettaja-oppilassuhteen ja sen laadun määrittelyyn. Lisäksi selvitetään lapsen kiintymyssuhteen laadun vaikutusta opettaja-oppilassuhteen laatuun. Tutkielma on rajattu koskemaan keskilapsuutta. Tavoitteena on koota yhteen aikaisempaa kirjallisuutta ja tutkimustietoa edellä mainituista aihepiireistä narratiivisen kirjallisuuskatsauksen keinoin. Tutkielmassa on kolme tutkimuskysymystä. Ensimmäinen tutkimuskysymys on, mitä eri kiintymysmalleilla tarkoitetaan ja miten ne ilmenevät kouluikäisellä lapsella luokkahuonekontekstissa. Toinen tutkimuskysymys on, millaisia näkökulmia kiintymyssuhdeteorian avulla on saatu opettaja-oppilassuhteen ja sen laadun määrittelyyn. Kolmas tutkimuskysymys on, miten lapsen kiintymyssuhteen laatu vaikuttaa opettaja-oppilassuhteen laatuun. Tutkimustulosten mukaan kiintymysmalli viittaa lapsen tapaan säädellä läheisyyttä vanhempaan stressitilanteissa, kuten myös vanhemman tapaan vastata lapsen pyrkimyksiin läheisyyden säätelyssä. Tämän perusteella on eroteltu neljä eri kiintymysmallia, jotka ovat turvallinen, välttelevä, ristiriitainen ja jäsentymätön kiintymysmalli. Näiden mallien tyypilliset piirteet saattavat ilmetä lapsen käyttäytymisessä luokkahuonekontekstissa etenkin silloin, kun lapsi on stressaantunut. Kiintymyssuhdeteorian näkökulmien mukaan opettaja-oppilassuhdetta ei voida pitää kiintymyssuhteena, mutta siinä on havaittu olevan samankaltaisia kiintymyskomponentteja kuin vanhemman ja lapsen välisessä kiintymyssuhteessa. Opettaja-oppilassuhteen laatu liittyy näihin kiintymyskomponentteihin ja sitä määritellään kolmella suhdeulottuvuudella, jotka ovat läheisyys, konflikti ja riippuvuus. Tutkimustulokset viittaavat myös siihen, että lapsen kiintymyssuhteen laadulla saattaa olla samansuuntaisia vaikutuksia opettaja-oppilassuhteen laatuun.The attachment styles and teacher-student relationship in the light of attachment theory. Abstract. The topic of this bachelor’s thesis is the attachment styles and teacher-student relationship in the light of attachment theory. The thesis deals with the different attachment styles and their manifestation in a school-aged child in the classroom context. The thesis also examines the perspectives that have been obtained with the help of attachment theory to define teacher-student relationship and its quality in the primary school context. In addition, the thesis also reports the effect of the quality/type of child’s attachment on the quality of teacher-student relationship. The thesis concerns middle childhood. The aim of the thesis is to gather literature and scientific research about the above-mentioned topics by the means of narrative literature review. The thesis has three research questions. The first research question is, how are the different attachment styles defined in the previous literature and how do they manifest in a school-aged child in a classroom context. The second research question is, what kind of perspectives have been obtained with the help of attachment theory to define teacher-student relationship and its quality. The third research question is, how does the quality of child’s attachment affect the quality of teacher-student relationship. According to the research results, the attachment styles refer to child’s way of regulating proximity with parent in stressful situations as well as parent’s response to child’s efforts to regulate proximity. Based on this, there are four different attachment styles which have been defined as secure, avoidant, ambivalent and disorganized style. Typical features of these styles may be manifested in child’s behavior in the classroom context, especially when the child is stressed. From the perspectives of attachment theory, teacher-student relationship cannot be considered as an attachment relationship, but it has been found to have similar attachment components to parent-child attachment. The quality of teacher-student relationship is related to these attachment components and is defined by three dimensions which are closeness, conflict and dependence. Research findings also suggest that the quality of child’s attachment may have parallel effects on the quality of teacher-student relationship

EISim: A Platform for Simulating Intelligent Edge Orchestration Solutions

To support the stringent requirements of the future intelligent and interactive applications, intelligence needs to become an essential part of the resource management in the edge environment. Developing intelligent orchestration solutions is a challenging and arduous task, where the evaluation and comparison of the proposed solution is a focal point. Simulation is commonly used to evaluate and compare proposed solutions. However, the currently existing, openly available simulators are lacking in terms of supporting the research on intelligent edge orchestration methods. To address this need, this article presents a simulation platform called Edge Intelligence Simulator (EISim), the purpose of which is to facilitate the research on intelligent edge orchestration solutions. EISim is extended from an existing fog simulator called PureEdgeSim. In its current form, EISim supports simulating deep reinforcement learning based solutions and different orchestration control topologies in scenarios related to task offloading and resource pricing on edge. The platform also includes additional tools for creating simulation environments, running simulations for agent training and evaluation, and plotting results

Erityisopetus osana peruskoulukokemuksia nuorten aikuisten kertomana

Tiivistelmä. Suomalaisen peruskoulun tavoitteena on tarjota kaikille lapsille ja nuorille mahdollisuus oppimiseen riippumatta heidän taustastaan. Tarvittaessa oppimiseen ja koulunkäyntiin järjestetään kolmiportaista tukea, jonka yhtenä tukikeinona on erityisopetus. Vaikka koulujärjestelmää on ohjattu inklusiiviseen suuntaan suomalaisessa koulutuspolitiikassa, on erityisopetuksen järjestäminen erillään yleisopetuksesta edelleen varsin yleistä. Tämän tutkielman tarkoituksena on antaa ääni oppilaille ja selvittää, mitä peruskouluaikoinaan erityisopetusta saaneet nuoret aikuiset kertovat kokemuksistaan erityisopetuksesta, mutta myös muista koulukokemuksistaan. Tutkielma kuuluu hankkeeseen ERITYISOPETUS KOETTUNA — lasten ja nuorten kokemuksia erityisopetuksesta. Oppilaiden omien kokemusten kuuleminen on tärkeää, koska se voi tuoda esille näkökulmia, joita voidaan hyödyntää esimerkiksi oppimisen ja koulunkäynnin tuen kehittämiseen. Tutkielman teoreettisessa viitekehyksessä tarkastellaan suomalaisen erityisopetusjärjestelmän kehityslinjoja ja nykytilaa, kuten myös aikaisempia tutkimuksia oppilaiden osallisuudesta ja oppimisesta erillisessä erityisopetuksen ryhmässä ja inklusiivisessa ryhmässä. Tutkielma on toteutettu laadullisella otteella. Tutkielmaa varten on haastateltu seitsemää erityisopetusta peruskouluaikanaan saanutta nuorta aikuista. Puolistrukturoidulla haastattelulla kerätyt kertomukset on analysoitu kategorisella sisällönanalyysilla. Tutkimustulosten mukaan koulukokemusten kirjo on moninainen sisältäen sekä positiivisia että negatiivisia kokemuksia yleisopetuksen kouluissa, joissa opetusta on saatu sekä erillisissä ryhmissä että yleisopetuksen ryhmissä. Pienluokalla tuen saanti on koettu riittäväksi ja luokkailmapiiri myönteiseksi, mutta opetuksen tavoitetaso on saattanut jäädä liian alhaiseksi. Yleisopetuksen puolella tuen tarjonta on koettu ajoittain riittämättömänä eikä inklusiivisia opetusstrategioita ole juurikaan käytetty. Hyvä vuorovaikutussuhde opettajaan on kannatellut oppilasta selviytymään haasteista. Kaverisuhteita on yleensä ollut sekä pienluokalla että yleisopetuksen ryhmässä, mutta myös yksinäisyyden kokemuksista ja ennakkoluuloista kerrotaan. Monet ovat kokeneet myös kiusaamista, johon koulussa ei ole puututtu tarpeeksi tehokkaasti. Jotta kaikilla oppilailla olisi tasa-arvoiset mahdollisuudet oppimiseen ja osallisuuteen, olisi tärkeää tunnistaa oppimista ja osallisuutta estäviä tekijöitä ja löytää keinoja, joilla niihin voidaan tehokkaasti puuttua.Special education as a part of elementary school experiences told by young adults. Abstract. The goal of the Finnish elementary school is to offer all children and young people the opportunity to learn, regardless of their background. If necessary, the support for learning and schooling, like special education, will be arranged according to the three-tiered support model. Although the Finnish education policy has made efforts towards inclusive direction, organizing special education separately from general education is still quite common. The purpose of the thesis is to find out what former students, who have received special education in elementary school, tell about their school experiences and particularly about their special education experiences. The thesis is a part of the project SPECIAL EDUCATION EXPERIENCED — children’s and young people’s experiences of special education. Hearing students’ own experiences is important to get perspectives that can be used for example to develop the support for learning and schooling. The theoretical framework of the thesis consists of the development lines and the current state of the Finnish special education system, as well as previous studies on student participation and learning in a separate special education group and in an inclusive group. The thesis has been carried out with a qualitative approach. The study focuses on the narratives collected by semi structured interviews of seven young adults who have received special education during their elementary school years. The narratives have been analyzed with a categorical content analysis. According to the results, the spectrum of the school experiences is diverse, including both positive and negative experiences in separate special education classes and in general education classes in mainstream schools. In separate special education classes, the support for learning has been perceived as sufficient and the class atmosphere supportive, but the target level of teaching may have remained too low. In general education classes the support for learning has sometimes perceived as insufficient and there has been a lack of inclusive pedagogy. A good relationship with the teacher has supported the student to cope with challenges. The interviewees have had friends both in separate small classes and in general education classes, but experiences of loneliness and prejudices are also told. Many interviewees have also experienced bullying, which has not been dealt adequately within school. In order to ensure equal opportunities for all students for learning and participation, it would be important to identify the factors that prevent learning and participation and to find ways to intervene them

Press-n-Paste : Copy-and-Paste Operations with Pressure-sensitive Caret Navigation for Miniaturized Surface in Mobile Augmented Reality

Publisher Copyright: © 2021 ACM.Copy-and-paste operations are the most popular features on computing devices such as desktop computers, smartphones and tablets. However, the copy-and-paste operations are not sufficiently addressed on the Augmented Reality (AR) smartglasses designated for real-time interaction with texts in physical environments. This paper proposes two system solutions, namely Granularity Scrolling (GS) and Two Ends (TE), for the copy-and-paste operations on AR smartglasses. By leveraging a thumb-size button on a touch-sensitive and pressure-sensitive surface, both the multi-step solutions can capture the target texts through indirect manipulation and subsequently enables the copy-and-paste operations. Based on the system solutions, we implemented an experimental prototype named Press-n-Paste (PnP). After the eight-session evaluation capturing 1,296 copy-and-paste operations, 18 participants with GS and TE achieve the peak performance of 17,574 ms and 13,951 ms per copy-and-paste operation, with 93.21% and 98.15% accuracy rates respectively, which are as good as the commercial solutions using direct manipulation on touchscreen devices. The user footprints also show that PnP has a distinctive feature of miniaturized interaction area within 12.65 mm∗14.48 mm. PnP not only proves the feasibility of copy-and-paste operations with the flexibility of various granularities on AR smartglasses, but also gives significant implications to the design space of pressure widgets as well as the input design on smart wearables.Peer reviewe

How Can AI be Distributed in the Computing Continuum? Introducing the Neural Pub/Sub Paradigm

This paper proposes the neural publish/subscribe paradigm, a novel approach to orchestrating AI workflows in large-scale distributed AI systems in the computing continuum. Traditional centralized broker methodologies are increasingly struggling with managing the data surge resulting from the proliferation of 5G systems, connected devices, and ultra-reliable applications. Moreover, the advent of AI-powered applications, particularly those leveraging advanced neural network architectures, necessitates a new approach to orchestrate and schedule AI processes within the computing continuum. In response, the neural pub/sub paradigm aims to overcome these limitations by efficiently managing training, fine-tuning and inference workflows, improving distributed computation, facilitating dynamic resource allocation, and enhancing system resilience across the computing continuum. We explore this new paradigm through various design patterns, use cases, and discuss open research questions for further exploration

4th Workshop on human activity sensing corpus and applications: towards open-ended context awareness

Current motion sensors in wearable devices are primarily used for simple orientation and motion sensing. They provide however signals related to more complex and subtle human behaviours which will enable next-generation human-oriented computing in scenarios of high societal value. This requires large scale human activity corpuses and improved methods to recognise activities and their context. This workshop deals with the challenges of designing reproducible experimental setups, running large-scale dataset collection campaigns, designing robust activity and context recognition methods and evaluating systems in the real world. As a special topic, we wish to reflect on the challenges and approaches to recognise activities outside of a pre-defined set to achieve an open-ended activity and context awareness. Following the success of previous years, this workshop is the place to share experiences on human activity corpus and their applications and to discuss the future of activity sensing, in particular towards open-ended contextual intelligence

Fuel consumption analysis of driven trips with respect to route choice

Advances in technology equip traffic domain with instruments to gather and analyse data for safe and fuel-efficient traveling. In this article, we elaborate on the effects that taxi drivers' route selection has on fuel efficiency. For this purpose, we fuse real driving behaviour data from taxi cabs, weather, digital map, and traffic situation information to gain understanding of how the routes are selected and what are the effects in terms of fuel-efficiency. Analysis of actually driven trips and their quickest and shortest counterparts is conducted to find out the fuel-efficiency consequences on route selection. The judgments are used for developing a fuel-consumption model, exploring further the route characteristics and external factors affecting fuel consumption.Peer reviewe

TSViT: A Time Series Vision Transformer for Fault Diagnosis

Traditional fault diagnosis methods using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) face limitations in capturing temporal features (i.e., the variation of vibration signals over time). To address this issue, this paper introduces a novel model, the Time Series Vision Transformer (TSViT), specifically designed for fault diagnosis. On one hand, TSViT model integrates a convolutional layer to segment vibration signals and capture local features. On the other hand, it employs a transformer encoder to learn long-term temporal information. The experimental results with other methods on two distinct datasets validate the effectiveness and generalizability of TSViT with a comparative analysis of its hyperparameters' impact on model performance, computational complexity, and overall parameter quantity. TSViT reaches average accuracies of 100% and 99.99% on two test sets, correspondingly

PassWalk: Spatial Authentication Leveraging Lateral Shift and Gaze on Mobile Headsets

Peer reviewe